Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called structural isomers. Note that halogenating a hydrocarbon produces something that is not a hydrocarbon. An example is the conversion of methane to chloroform using a chlorination reaction. One or more of the hydrogen atoms can be replaced with other atoms, for example chlorine or another halogen: this is called a substitution reaction. Saturated hydrocarbons are the basis of petroleum fuels and may be either linear or branched species. ![]() Those with exactly one ring are the cycloalkanes. ![]() : 623 The most general form of saturated hydrocarbons, (whether linear or branched species, and whether with without one or more rings) is C nH 2 n+2(1- r), where r is the number of rings. The formula for acyclic saturated hydrocarbons (i.e., alkanes) is C nH 2 n+2. They are composed entirely of single bonds and are saturated with hydrogen.
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